Mechanical movement



A. com 2,328,261

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT Filec June 25, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l N INVENTOR. Htftonrf' Corwyv Aug. 31, 194% Aug. 31, 1943. A. CORY MECHANICAL MOVEMENT 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

Filed June 25, 1941 'ihisinvention" relates to mentsand" more particularly that type known wherein` a; change :of

Patented Aug. ,'"51, `1943 "Y A j 2,328,261

` MEoHimrcAL MovEMEN'T v Anthonycoy, Newyoricgiv. l i Appii'catitn .time 2s, 1941, ser-milite. 399,581

1 l `11 claims;

mechanical moveas change speed gearing" speed isfobtained bya systemof gears located between the notivepowergand the driven' element of` the invention being so constructed that the transmissinof power fr'oim"the"` motive. powr td the' driven element is obtained a gradual' manner until the driven I the necessity: @fl shiftingl :frein one gear' "to aneiner,V 1

notherfobiect of invention ,isf the provision of improved meehaism'which eliminates theuseff aI clutchfpedal and has all the advanl-Y tage'svof a hydraulic transmissionxwhile ret`ai'n.r mgfthe `high efficiency H V of the' mechanical trans;

twoftthe applied tO ari niita` gradualfpickfup' in speed and `K`D1event or the car whenjstarting and also eliminate'therllingbaek of the car when at rest With the gearing engaged. l

The

sultwhile having all` ofthe advantages `voftl'ie hydraulic transmission-plus thehigh efficiency of themechanical transmission `mechanism not posl thefimprovement p'ermits` suchrollillgbaclwhendesired;l

I-n the drawings accompanying and forming" a Dartof this specii'ication,^ H

, Fig- 11s a piani/iw.v try' seamen Qfthis improved trzainsrxiission;r

Figi` 21gis a partial sectional' pla'nview `of a modi-fiedtforrnthereof.`

lmodern, automobile 'requires the useI of 'una s @if any, suitable y Similareharacters -of Ireference indicate" cor-` respondingpartsjin the several views. 4

`Before explaining in `detail the present improvement or modeofyoperation thereof, `Ide-4 sire tot have it understoodthat the inventicnjis not limtedto the `details of'construction and arrangement fparts illustrated inthe ,accompanyf ingdrawingssincel the invention is capable of othereinbodiments, and that the phraseology employed is .forth'e purpose lof description and'not of limitati f L L i Referr'ingto YFigi l, the power shaft 2 is con` nected il n. any suitable mannerto a source of power such as a motor `(not shown) and 'this shaft 2 cennectedgwith adifferential couplingv kind, one member Yor gear or which, as the bevel gear 4, is secured to the` shafttfor rotation therewith. i Anothermember orgearg'asf' the lbevel gear 5, is secured tothe dwingende. Y p l, f'lf'he housing `or carrier J ofthis coupling unit 3ds pr'ovidedfwith l.apair of hubsf aand 9 where by the carrier,y these hubs is rotatably supf ported; respectively on the power shaft `2 and the` driving shaft 6. `Gears I0 and II carried by thefhousing inesli with the bevel gears 4 and 5l Secliijedto andlv carried by thefhousing 'I is a brake I2? and-brake drum I2, the object of which I, Willi be hereinafterfexplained.

Fig. ais aasectionithrougha- 01mg; '2, and

proved mechanism.

Steering wheel of' a. car havingthecontrol lever torperating thisuirn#` i for this: purpose,1 the l trol "Shown i'ri i A spring; tensioned clutch having` one memberyl slidably keyedlfor rotation with the drivingu shaft 6 and theother member I 4 freely rotatable thereon is interposed for transmitting power l l froml the vshaft 6 tofthei'driven shaft I5 and member I4 has carried` thereby and freely rotatable` on 4the driving shaft 6, a gear I6 which transmitslpower'in any suit-v I able manneritoagear I-`I fast on the driven shaft |5.;; `In the y,present instance, a" chain I8 isem`- ployed` for" this `purpose.` provided tcrshift the kclutch member `I3` into engagement with the clutch member I4 and this: lever I 9 is lconnectedto the 'operating control illustrated in' Fig; 4i. 3, Thestructure so; far :described constitutes the main'drive'br normal drivin'gspeed of the present deVIceWhiCh is indicated Vas high on the cdno'n the driving isha splined ring 2D.

Also carried tion `therewith suitableslidable sleeve 2 I, shiftable by means" of a'lever 22 and connected to the operating con- `Fig.v `4, 'isprovided for shifting into either-low gearbry reverse. i

A pivoted lever I9is shaft 6i for rota- A A y Theposition of thisy sleeve in Figlillustrates low speeld and in this i position, the sleeve 2| engages a splined hub 23 of a gear 24 free for rotation on the driving shaft 6. The gear 24 is connected in any sultable manner to a gear 25 mounted for independent rotation on the driven shaft lI5, and in the present instance a chain 26 is illustrated to provide'this connection.

The gear 25 is connected with an overruning clutch which may be in the form of a pawl and ratchet mechanism or its equivalent. In the present instance, the roller type thereof is shown, the gear 25 being free for rotation-with the member A of this mechanism A, p, a, the member a of which is secured to the driven shaft I5 while the pawlsor rollers p cooperate with the two members A and a to' drive the driven shaft I5 when desired, but when the shaft I5 is rotated faster than this driving means, the mechanism will overrun.

Shifting of the sliding sleeve 2| in the opposite direction effects rengagement between the member 28 and a splined h'ub 21 of `a gear 28 freely rotatable on the driving shaft 6 to rotate this gear-28, which gear 28 meshes with a gear 29 secured to the driven shaft I5 thereby driving'the shaft l5 in a reverse direction.

In the operation of this improved mechanism, when the motor is started, the brake I2' is in released -position and when the operatingfcontrol mechanism of Fig. 4 is placed in the position indicated as high, this causes engagement of the sleeve 2| with the splined members 2|! and 23 and also shifts the clutch member I3 into engagement with the clutch member I4. Due to resistance of the vehicle and also to the fact that the usual brakes are on, the driving shaft remains idle and the. power is transmitted freely to rotate the carrier 1.

the members 2t and 21 and it will be observed that the application of the brake I2 will then effect a rotation or" the shaft I5 in the reverse direction.

In the modification illustrated in Fig.y 2', the structure is somewhat similar but the driven shaft I5 is in line With the driving shaft S. The

power shaft, together with the differential coupling unit and its connection with the driving vshaft 8' and brake control are the same and, therefore, these parts 2 to I2 and I2', inclusive, are not again illustrated in the drawings nor described. However, in this modified form, 6' indicates the driving shaft instead of 6.

The clutch member |3 is slidably mounted for rotation on the driving shaft 6 and the cooperating clutch member I4 is xed to the driven shaft I5' thereby eliminating the transmission of power by the gears I6 and I1 and the chain I8 from the driving shaft to the driven shaft. The clutch member |3 is operated in the same mannerby means of the lever IS' connected vto the control mechanism of Fig. 4.

Low speed and reverse drive are obtained in a manner 'similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the power is transmitted from the driving shaft to an. intermediate o-r idler shaft |50 and thence to the driven shaft I5'. l Y

For this purpose, a gear IBI ,is secured to the driving shaft 6' and this gear meshes with a gear |02 fixed to the idlershaft lol) for rotation therewith. Also carried for rotation by the idler shaft |00 is a slidably shiftable gear 2| shiftableinto position for either low speed or reverse. Inthe positionshown in full lines, it is in position for lowk speed and transmits rotation to a gear 25 f loose on the driven shaft I5' and this gear 25 is,

The usual vehicle brake is then released and Y thebrake i2 gradually applied to the brakedrum I2, which gradually slows the rotation of the carrier 1 and the gears ID and gradually transmit power to the gear 5 thereby gradually rotating the shaft I5. The greater the brake pressure,y the'faster the shaft 6 will rotate until the carrier 1 is stopped when the full power will be transmitted to the shaft 6 which, in turn, drives the driven shaft I5 at the desired full speed.

- It will be noted that the low` speed is always connected when the high is connected but due to the gear ratio betweenthe gears 24 and25, the ratchet' vmechanism overruns and a y resultant gradual and smooth operation is obtained. Shouldit be desired to use the low ratio gearing as, for instance, on steep hills, etc., the control is lmoved to low causing disengagement of the clutch I3, If-i and effecting driving ofthe shaft I5 through the mechanism A, p, a.

Y Thus, when in high speed normally both high and low speedconnections are effected between the drivingshaft 5 andthe driven shaft l5. Due to the fact that the` low speed connection includes the ratchet mechanism A, p, a, it will bei overrun by the high speed connection. However,

since there isa difference inthe gear ratosof lowV and high speed,v when thetwo speeds are simultaneously Vconnected and the" vehicle is at rest, there can beno backward rolling because. the ratchet mechanism does not permit overrun` ning in reverse but positively connects the driving and driven shafts;r This causes two sets of gears, each having different ratios, to connect the` 'two shafts ywhich obviously results in a locking action.

Reverse drive ais effected when the vehicle is idlerand when the clutch members I3 and I4 are disengaged,v byl'shifting the, sleeve 2| to engage in turn, connected to the driven shaft by means of an overrunning clutch mechanismA, p', a identical to that described asA, p, a, of Fig. 1. n Reversedrive `isl'effected by shifting the gear 2|',` intol 'mesh with an idler gear |03 ,which meshes with agear'29 fixed to the driven shaft I5. The operation of the mechanism` in this form isthe same as that of Fig. 1 and it is, therefore, not deemed necessary further to describe it. In practice, thefbrake I2 is connected to a control lever or foot pedal Whichcanbe gradually applied until the drum |2 stops the carrier 1, at which *time thev brake control is locked in position which latterjof course, is old and well knownl and, therefore, it is unnecessarythat it be further described herein.

Thus, it will be observed that a vehicle equipped with this improved mechanism may be started in high gear andi smoothly and gradually accelerated similar to onee'quipped with what is commonly calleda fluid drive. so equipped, starting on up-grades is facilitated becausewhen inhigh, two sets of gears having different .ratios are in engagement, preventing yany tendency to roll back but permitting forward movement, as before explained, and, on downgrades, thel driven shaft is connected with the motor and, therefore, the'motor actsas a brake. Fuel can beV saved because it is possible to coast either in high by releasing the brake l2', or in low without such release which, in effect, is similar to freewheelingv andfit will be noted that rolling either forward or Vbackward'is possible when either the low or. reverse speeds are engaged and only forward vrolling is possible when the high isengaged. Because of this, when left in vhigh speed on 11p-grades, no application of' ...the brakesis necessary. i y

Furthermore, when r of the coupling unit, and

desired ratio ofi speed-between l 12WObviously,` 'any re 'er its( and meV powerl` shaft fthe Idriven shaft -lfis imssible.` l l o A quiet and eflicientoperation; "the, differenli'may beequlpped 4wit the frearf axle proportionately increased.-

4 kIt iste-ite lldnderstood' that-by Ldescribing iin man herein eny partieuiarvferm, structure er Jarrangementit fis/"not intended tjo limit the invention beyond uthe terms-ofthevseveral claimsvor thearequirements ofthie pzfirrart. l

Having thusexplainedllthe `nature-lof my said l invention and describedfa way-of constructing land. using the same. although Withoutattempting torsetrortn all oftileStern-lsinstalen it may be fmade, orali ofthemodeslof its use,'I claim:

n `lower transmission for gradualilly imparting! motion "from apower source to a Adriven shaft andincluding a-dilfereritial' coupling unit having a driving 4mem-berconnected with thel power source and a driven member connected with a: driving slnat,``K parting'` the movement" ofi the driving member to `the driven member.andthe-,driving shaft, and a plurality of means: independently' and simultaneously connecting the' driving and-driven shafts,

the simultaneous connection thereof effective to preventgreverse movement `of said `jdriven shaft,

Yboth of said' connecting `means including a disengageableclut'ch mechanism, onefor-driving the driven `shaft at 'reduced speed Wheriindependerit-4 ly Yc omiected and overrun-when"simultaneously engaged. e e 2'. Power transmission driven shaft andincludinga differential coupling unit having a driving member connected with the 1:1-,:spiraliA gears and ball'- f means `for `-'gradually immechanism for' graduall 1y imparting motion from` a power" source to a asasgraei the driven member and the u*lyfimparting motion from a power source toa driven shaft and including a differential coupling unit 'having-a driving member connected with `the power source andy afdlriven member Aconnected with al driving shaft; means for gradually im- I parting. the movement of the `driving member to drivingshaft,la plul 'rali'ty of means independently and simultaneousll-y' connecting the. simultaneous eonnectionftlrereof effective to pre- I`l'ast' means includ-ingang runby said first clutch-mechanism when in en- Y driving and driven shafts, the

`vent reverse movementof said' driven shaft, one of said last means includ-ing a disengageable 'clutch mecha-msm, and' one including means for driving 'the driven shaft at a reduced speed upon `disengagement of lsaid clutch mechanism, said overrunm'ng clutch overgagement.

5; Power transmission mechanism for gradually imparting motion fromfa vpower source to a ,driven shaftandmciudmge differentialeoupling l ,l unit having a driving member connected withl the l 'rali'ty of means independently and simultaneouslyf connecting the driving` and driven shafts, the thereof effective to predisengagement of said power source and a driven member connected with Ya driving shaft, means for gradually impartlng the movement `of the driving member tothe driven member and thefdriving shaft, said last means including means for stopping a member a plurality of `means independently and simultaneously connecting 'the driving and drivenlshafts, the simultaneous con-` nection thereof effective to prevent reverse movement of said driven ing means includinga disengageable clutch mechanism, one forcdriving the driven vshaft at reduced speed when overrun when` simultaneously engaged.A

3Q Power transmission mechanismfor gradually impartingmotion from a power source to a driven shaft and including a differential Coupling unit having a driving member .connected with the power source and -a driven member connected with a driving shaft, means` for `gradually ime partingl the movement of the driving member to thedriven member and the` driving shaft, said last means including means for stopping'a mem- .ber of the coupling unit and comprising a brake connected with onecfthe driven ,members4 of said unit, and a plurality of means independently and simultaneously connecting the driving and `driven shafts, the simultaneous connectiontherel of effective to prevent reverse movement of saidy driven shaft, both rof said connecting meansin" cluding a disengageable clutch mechanism, one for driving the driven `shaft at reduced speed when independently `connected and overrun when r `simultaneously engaged. r

4. Power transmission mechanism for gradualshaft,both of `said connectindependently ,connected and l y ly imparting motion 7 movement ofthe driving r nectionthereof effective necting l means having *power `source and a driven member connected witira driv'ngyshaft;` means for graduallyk im- ;partingj'the movement ofthe `driving member to `the `driven memberand theldriving shaft, a plusimultaneous connection vent'"reverse` movement of said driven shaft, one 4of said "last Vmeans 'including a `disengageable clutchl mechanism`,vand one includingV means for drivingthe drivenshaft at a reduced speed upon cl-u'tch mechanism, said last means including `an overrunnhg clutch overrunbyfsai'd lfirst'clutch mechanism when in enfgfagement,` andmeansfcr driving the driven shaft itfareversefclirection.` v l e l r Powertrans'missicn mechanism'for gradually imparting motion from a power source toa driven shaft and including 'a differential coupling unit having a driving member, driven by the power source and a driven member driving a driving shaft, means for gradually imparting the member and the driving shaft, a plurality of con- `necting means having different speed ratios simultaneously and independently;connecting the driving and driven shafts, the simultaneous conto prevent Areverse movement of said driven shaftand means `for disconnecting either or both of said connecting means. one of saidconnecting ing either oriboth ofsaid connecting means, one

of said connecting means including a disengageable clutch mechanism `overrun by the other connecting means when in engagement, and means `for connecting the driving and driven shafts for `driving the driven shaft in areverse direction; f 8. Power transmission mechanism for gradualmember to the driven means including a disengageable 'clutch mechanism overrun by the other l ly imparting lmotion from a power source to a driven means and including a differential coupling unit havinga driving member and a pair of driven members, one freely rotatable, and means for gradually stopping said last member,

:the other of said driven members having a plurality of cooperative engagements with the driven means operative independently and simultaneously for gradually accelerating the driven means upon the gradual stoppage of said first member,

one of said cooperative engagements including a disengageable clutch member, and one a disengageable overrunning clutch mechanism independent of said'rst clutch .member for driving Vthe driven means at reduced speed, the ksimultaneous connection thereof effective to prevent reverse movement of said driven shaft.

9. Power transmission mechanism for gradually imparting motion from a power source to av disengageable clutch member and one a disen- ,U

gageable overrunning clutch mechanism independent of said first clutch member for driving the driven means at reduced speed, and means for ydriving the driven means in a reverse direction,

the simultaneous connection thereof effective to prevent reverse movement of said driven shaft.

10. Power transmission mechanism comprising a power source, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, a differential coupling unit between the power source and the driving shaftand having a member driven by the power source, a pair of members driven by said driven member, one connected to the driving shaft and the other freely rotatable, means for gradually stopping said freely rotatable member, the stoppage thereof effective to impart gradual acceleration to the driving shaft, a plurality of means independently and Simultaneously connecting the drivingand driven shafts to drive the driven shaft, the simultaneous connection' thereof effective to prevent reverse movement of said driven shaft, one of said last means including disengageable clutch mechanism, and one operable upon disengagement or said first connecting means for driving the driven shaft at a reduced speed. y

ll. Power transmission mechanism comprising a power source, a driving shaft and a driven shaft, a differential coupling unit between the power source and the driving shaft and having a member driven by the power source, a pair of members driven by said driven member, one connected ,to the driving shaft and the other freely rotatable, means for gradually stopping'said freely rotatable member, the stoppage thereof effective to impart gradual acceleration to the driving shaft, a plurality of means independently and simultaneously connecting the driving and driven shafts to drive the driven shaft, the simultaneous connection thereof effective to prevent reverse movement Vof said driven shaft, one of said iast means including disengageable clutch mechanism, and one operable upon disengagement of said first connecting means for driving the driven shaft atareduced speed, said last means comprising an overrunning clutch mechanism ineffective to drive the driven shaft when'said first means is in engagement. Y

ANTHONY CORY. 

